Authors and Affiliations

All information needed to correctly render the author/contributor list as it needs to appear in the article PDF, in the print table of contents, and online should be tagged within <article-meta>, and most of this information is contained within <contrib-group>. Author/contributor names should be captured as structured data. Affiliation and correspondence information should be captured as they appear in the PDF, with all data elements tagged inline.

Each contributor should be tagged in a <contrib> element. The <surname> element should hold the author's surname/last name/famly name. The <given-names> element should hold the author's given/first name and middle name. The <prefix> element should hold honorifics or other qualifiers that normally precede a person's name. The <suffix> element should hold qualifiers that follow a person's name. The <degrees> element should hold certifications that follow a person's name. The <role> element should hold the contributor's job title or role. The contrib-type attribute should have a value that describes the contributor's contribution to the article, typically "author". For example, a person who writes an editorial is the author of that editorial and should have the contrib-type attribute set to "author", even though their role may be the editor of the journal.

Each affiliation should be tagged in an <aff> element. All affiliation text should be tagged using the elements for tagging institution and address information. <xref> elements should link each contributor to their affiliations. For journal styles where a superscripted label is used to associate authors with affiliations the label may be placed in a <label> element inside <aff> if the template requires the label to appear in the XML.

Correspondence information should be tagged in the <corresp> element. All address information should be tagged using the elements for tagging institution and address information. An <xref> element with the ref-type attribute set to "corresp" should link the corresponding author's <contrib> element to the <corresp> element. For journal styles where a symbol is used to associate authors in the author list with correspondence information the symbol may be placed in a <label> element inside <corresp> if the template requires the label to appear in the XML.

For example:

<contrib-group>
	<contrib contrib-type="author">
		<name>
			<surname>Root</surname>
			<given-names>Kyle S.</given-names>
		</name>
		<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001"/>
		<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="AN0001"/>
	</contrib>
	<contrib contrib-type="author">
		<name>
			<surname>Lopez</surname>
			<given-names>Ygnacio</given-names>
			<prefix>President</prefix>
			<suffix>III</suffix>
		</name>
		<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
		<role>Associate Editor</role>
		<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001"/>
	</contrib>
	<aff id="AF0001">
		<label>a</label> 
		<institution>
			<tf:department>Department of Environmental and 
            Radiological Health Sciences</tf:department>,
            <tf:institution-name>Colorado State University</tf:institution-name>,
		</institution> <tf:city>Fort Collins</tf:city>, <country>Colorado</country>
	</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
	<corresp id="AN0001">Correspondence to: Kyle S. Root, 
<institution><tf:institution-name>Colorado State University</tf:institution-name>, 
<tf:department>Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences</tf:department></institution>, 
<addr-line>1681 Campus Delivery</addr-line>, <tf:city>Fort Collins</tf:city>, 
<tf:state>CO</tf:state>, <tf:postal-code>80523</tf:postal-code>; e-mail: 
<email>[email protected]</email>.</corresp>
</author-notes>

For contributors that named as organizations or collaborative groups, the <collab> element should be used to hold the contributor's name. For example:

<contrib contrib-type="author">
	<collab>W3C XSL Working Group</collab>
</contrib>

For anonymous contributors, the <anonymous> element should be used and should contain the text used to describe the anonymous contributor. For example:

<contrib contrib-type="author">
	<anonymous>Anon.</anonymous>
</contrib>

Special Case: Alternative Forms of Names

Complete contributor names should always be captured in Title Case in the <name> element, as shown in the example above. In cases where the journal style requires the contributor's name to appear in all-capital letters, or using initials, the <name-alternatives> element should be used to tag these variations.

Special Case: All-Uppercase Name Formats

We require author names be captured with normal casing rules, but we also need to support journal styles where the authors' name is presented in all-uppercase (either in the article or on the table of contents). There are situations where automatic styling is not able to create a correctly capitalized version of an authors' name, and capitalization needs to be applied manually. The name-alternatives element should be used in these instances, with a content-type attribute value "uppercase" on string-name, to hold the manually-styled author name. For example:

<contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name> 
	   <surname>von Klitzing</surname>
	   <given-names>Kai</given-names>
	</name>
	<name-alternatives>
	   <string-name content-type="uppercase">KAI von KLITZING</string-name>
	</name-alternatives>
</contrib>

Special Case: Initials

The initials attribute of <given-names> and <surname> should hold the initials of the author's name. For example:

<contrib contrib-type="author">
   <name>
      <surname initials="C.">Crosby</surname>
      <given-names initials="P. G.">Peter G.</given-names>
   </name>
</contrib>

There are situations where the initials attribute is not sufficient to capture the authors' name as it should appear on the table of contents or in citations of the article. In these situations the name-alternatives element should be used to hold the alternate forms of the authors' name. For example, this authors name appears as follows:

in the article: Ignacio Ojeda Martínez de Castilla
in the table of contents: I. O. M. de Castilla
in citations (last, first): Ojenda, Ignacio

The different abbreviations of this authors' name should be tagged using the <name-alternatives> element with a content-type attribute specified for each alternative presentation of the contributor's name:

<contrib contrib-type="author">
   <name>
      <surname>Ojeda Mart&iacute;nez de Castilla</surname>
      <given-names>Ignacio</given-names>
   </name>
   <name-alternatives>
      <string-name content-type="abbreviated">I. O. M. de Castilla</string-name>
      <name content-type="citation">
         <surname>Ojenda</surname>
         <given-names>Ignacio</given-names>
      </name>
   </name-alternatives>
</contrib>

Non-Western names and display order of given-name and surname

The parts of a persons name should be tagged using <given-names> to identify the persons' given names (commonly referred to by Brittish and Americans as "first name" and "middle name"), and <surname> to identify the persons' surname or family name (commonly referred to by Brittish and Americans as "last name"). The <given-names> and <surname> elements are both optional, though at least one must be present within <name>, so if a contributor is mononominal or if a contributor is listed using only the persons' given name or surname the correct tag should be used and the other tag omitted.

When the <name> element is rendered for display the <given-names> element is normally placed before the <surname> element. This order can be controlled by setting the name-style attribute. The default value of name-style is "western", which indicates the display order given-names followed by surname. Setting the name-style attribute to "eastern" indicates the display order surname followed by given-names. For example:

<name name-style="eastern">
    <surname>Zhang</surname>
    <given-names>Xue</given-names>
</name>

Contributors Placed at the End of an Article

When the authors of an article appear at the end of the article, as frequently occurs in editorials for example, the author's names should be captured twice in the XML. First, the author's names should be captured in the <contrib-group> section of <article-meta>. Second, the author's name should be tagged in paragraph text where it needs to appear in the text.

Biographies

Author biographies should be tagged in the <bio> element inside <contrib-group>, and a link from the author's <contrib> element to the author's <bio> should be made using <xref>. For example:

<contrib-group>
   <contrib contrib-type="author">
      <name>
         <surname>Ball</surname>
         <given-names>David</given-names>
      </name>
      <xref ref-type="bio" rid="b0001"/>
   </contrib>
   <bio id="b0001">
      <p>
         <bold>David Ball's</bold> latest translation is Abdourahman A. Waberi's 
novel <italic>Transit</italic> (Indiana University Press, 2012), 
in collaboration with Nicole Ball. A past president of ALTA, 
David is Professor Emeritus of French and Comparative Literature 
at Smith College. He is now working on Jean Gu&#xe9;henno's 
<italic>Diary of the Dark Years</italic> for Oxford University Press.</p>
   </bio>
</contrib-group>

Each contributor's biography should normally be captured in a separate <bio> element. In some instances a single biography may jointly describe two or more contributors, and in these instances a single <bio> element may be used and <xref> elements in each <contrib> should link each contributor described to the <bio>.