References

TF JATS uses the <mixed-citation> reference model to capture fully tagged reference data and preserve all punctuation and formatting. The other two reference models in NISO JATS, <element-citation> and <nlm-citation>, are restricted to only appear in <citation-alternatives>.

All information within a reference should be tagged using appropriate elements. Only whitespace, punctuation characters and boilerplate text ("doi", "eds", "vol", etc.) should be present as untagged text in <mixed-citation>, <person-group> and <string-name>.

For reference styles where author names are omitted for repeat authors, the authors' name must be tagged in every instance. The stylesheets used to create PDFs for these reference styles should substitute repeated author names.

Citations in text to references should be tagged using the <xref> element. The rid attribute of <xref> is required and should contain the <ref> id attribute value(s) of the reference(s) cited. For example:

  • Author-year citation format: (Pershing <xref rid="CIT0067">2009</xref>)
  • Numbered citation format: <xref rid="CIT0011"><sup>11</sup></xref>

In instances where an author has more than one work cited in the same year, style may require a letter suffix be added to the year to distinguish each citation. When needed, the letter suffix should be placed inside the <year> element. For example: <year>2008b</year>

When a footnote or endnote contains citation information for a book or other publication the <mixed-citation> element should be used to tag the citation information within <fn>.

Examples of Tagged References

  1. Reference to a journal article.

    Reference in PDF:

    Abramowitz, J. S., Wheaton, M. G., & Storch, E. A. (2008). The status of hoarding as a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 1026–1033.

    Reference tagged:

    <ref id="CIT0001"> <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><string-name><surname>Abramowitz</surname>, <given-names>J. S.</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>Wheaton</surname>, <given-names>M. G.</given-names></string-name> &amp; <string-name><surname>Storch</surname>, <given-names>E. A.</given-names></string-name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>). <article-title>The status of hoarding as a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder</article-title>. <source><italic>Behaviour Research and Therapy</italic></source>, <volume><italic>46</italic></volume>, <fpage>1026</fpage>&ndash;<lpage>1033</lpage>.</mixed-citation> </ref>

  2. Reference to a journal article including DOI.

    Reference in PDF:

    Balzacq, T., 2005. The three faces of securitization: political agency, audience and context. European journal of international relations, 11 (2), 171-201. doi:10.1177/1354066105052960

    Reference tagged:

    <ref id="CIT0002"> <mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><string-name><surname>Balzacq</surname>, <given-names>T.</given-names></string-name></person-group>, <year>2005</year>. <article-title>The three faces of securitization: political agency, audience and context</article-title>. <source><italic>European journal of international relations</italic></source>, <volume>11</volume> (<issue>2</issue>), <fpage>171</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>201</lpage>. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/1354066105052960</pub-id></mixed-citation> </ref>

  3. Reference to a journal article including PubMed ID and DOI URL.

    Reference in PDF:

    [47] Adcock IM, Caramori G. Cross-talk between pro-inflammatory transcription factors and glucocorticoids. Immunol Cell Biol 2001; 79:376-84; PMID:11488985; http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1711.2001.01025.x

    Reference tagged:

    <ref id="cit0047"><label>[47]</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"> <person-group person-group-type="author"><string-name><surname>Adcock</surname> <given-names>IM</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>Caramori</surname> <given-names>G</given-names></string-name></person-group>. <article-title>Cross-talk between pro-inflammatory transcription factors and glucocorticoids</article-title>. <source>Immunol Cell Biol</source> <year>2001</year>; <volume>79</volume>:<fpage>376</fpage>-<lpage>84</lpage>; PMID:<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11488985</pub-id>; <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1711.2001.01025.x</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref>

  4. Reference to an edited book.

    Reference in PDF:

    Bose, A. B. (1988). Policies and programmes for the ageing in India. In A. B. Bose and K. D. Gangrade (Eds.), The ageing in India (pp. 58–85). New Delhi: Abhinav Publications.

    Reference tagged:

    <ref id="CIT0004"> <mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><string-name><surname>Bose</surname> <given-names>A. B.</given-names></string-name></person-group> (<year>1988</year>). <article-title>Policies and programmes for the ageing in India</article-title>. In <person-group person-group-type="editor"><string-name><given-names>A. B. </given-names><surname>Bose</surname> </string-name> and <string-name><given-names>K. D. </given-names><surname>Gangrade</surname></string-name> (Eds.)</person-group>, <source><italic>The ageing in India</italic></source> (pp. <fpage>58</fpage>&ndash;<lpage>85</lpage>). <publisher-loc>New Delhi</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Abhinav Publications</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation> </ref>

  5. Citation in a footnote or endnote.

    Footnote in PDF:

    16. B. Russell, A History of Western Philosophy (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1946), 383.

    Footnote tagged:

    <fn id="en0016"> <p><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><string-name><given-names>B. </given-names><surname>Russell</surname></string-name></person-group>, <source><italic>A History of Western Philosophy</italic></source> (<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>George Allen and Unwin</publisher-name>, <year>1946</year>), <fpage>383</fpage>.</mixed-citation></p> </fn>

  6. Citation style with repeated author names omitted. When journal style calls for the names of repeated authors to be replaced with dashes, this replacement should only be applied in the PDF and the author names must still be captured in the XML. The attribute specific-use="dash" may be added to the person-group element for repeated authors that according to journal style should be omitted and replaced with dashes, for example:

    <person-group person-group-type="author" specific-use="dash">

    References displayed in PDF:

    Baddeley, A. J., and Turner, R. (2000), “Practical Maximum Pseudolikelihood for Spatial Point Patterns,” Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 42, 283–322.

    ——— (2005), “Spatstat: An R Package for Analyzing Spatial Point Patterns,” Journal of Statistical Software, 12, 1–42.

    References displayed online:

    Baddeley, A. J., and Turner, R. (2000), “Practical Maximum Pseudolikelihood for Spatial Point Patterns,” Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 42, 283–322.

    Baddeley, A. J., and Turner, R. (2005), “Spatstat: An R Package for Analyzing Spatial Point Patterns,” Journal of Statistical Software, 12, 1–42.

    References tagged:

    <ref id="cit0005"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><string-name><surname>Baddeley</surname>, <given-names>A.J.</given-names></string-name>, and <string-name><surname>Turner</surname>, <given-names>R.</given-names></string-name></person-group> (<year>2000</year>), &#8220;<article-title>Practical Maximum Pseudolikelihood for Spatial Point Patterns</article-title>,&#8221; <source>Australian &amp; New Zealand Journal of Statistics</source>, <volume>42</volume>, <fpage>283</fpage>&#8211;<lpage>322</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref>

    <ref id="cit0006"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author" specific-use="dash"><string-name><surname>Baddeley</surname>, <given-names>A.J.</given-names></string-name>, and <string-name><surname>Turner</surname>, <given-names>R.</given-names></string-name></person-group> (<year>2005</year>), &#8220;<article-title>Spatstat: An R Package for Analyzing Spatial Point Patterns</article-title>,&#8221; <source>Journal of Statistical Software</source>, <volume>12</volume>, <fpage>1</fpage>&#8211;<lpage>42</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref>

  7. Reference to a translated book.

    Reference in PDF:

    Genette, Gérard. Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method. Translated by Jane E. Lewin. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1983.

    Reference tagged:

    <ref id="CIT0010"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><string-name><surname>Genette</surname>, <given-names>G&#x00E9;rard</given-names></string-name></person-group>. <source><italic>Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method</italic></source>. Translated by <person-group person-group-type="translator"><string-name><given-names>Jane E.</given-names> <surname>Lewin</surname></string-name></person-group>. <publisher-loc>Ithaca, NY</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>Cornell University Press</publisher-name>, <year>1983</year>.</mixed-citation></ref>

  8. Reference to a data source.

    Reference in PDF:

    Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). 2015a. GBIF Occurrence download. Accessed October 8, 2015. http://doi.org/10.15468/dl.xlvctu

    Reference tagged:

    <ref id="CIT0028"><mixed-citation publication-type="data"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)</collab></person-group>. <year>2015a</year>. <article-title>GBIF Occurrence download</article-title>. <date-in-citation content-type="access-date" iso-8601-date="2015-10-08">Accessed October 8, 2015</date-in-citation>. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.15468/dl.xlvctu">http://doi.org/10.15468/dl.xlvctu</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>