The rationale for references is consistent throughout the entire set of reference elements allowed within text, with the exception of one element (
<textref>) that targets external resources.
While the tagging requirements remain consistent, the functionality applied to references differs based on the type of reference. For instance, reference citations will activate a different linking mechanism than a figure reference.
Output specification will determine the formatting requirement for the appearance of references, and may require generated text in the form of parenthesis or brackets. Therefore, parenthesis or other wrappers should be removed from the text during tagging except for reference citations requiring name/date formatting (due to the fact that part of the relevant text would reside outside the citation tags).
The relationship between the reference and the referent is determined by the linkend attribute of the reference element. The only criterion for this id value is that it must be unique within the article (the number associated with the base value of the id has no bearing on the number displayed in text; its sole purpose is to establish the link between the text reference and the object it references):
... seen in figure <figref linkend="F0003">3</figref> ...
... seen in figure (3) ...
Reference Ranges
Designed primarily to support reference citations that appear in strings, the <refrange> element is used to establish both the connection and the content for any objects referred to in text. It provides a method for cleaning up the display of content online to more closely resemble the printed page and a mechanism for enabling navigation features currently unavailable.
see references <refrange text="1-3">
<citationref linkend="CIT0001">1</citationref>
<citationref linkend="CIT0002">2</citationref>
<citationref linkend="CIT0003">3</citationref>
</refrange>.
... see references (1-3).
Note that when rendering the article, more notice should be taken of the content of the text attribute than of the embedded reference element content. But even this attribute must not include surrounding brackets.
This range element can even be used in a reference that is a combination of single and range references:
... see references (1, 3-4, 6).
see references <citationref linkend="CIT0001">1</citationref>
<refrange text="3-4">
<citationref linkend="CIT0003">3</citationref>
<citationref linkend="CIT0004">4</citationref>
</refrange>
<citationref linkend="CIT0006">6</citationref>.
Again, note the lack of punctuation between the references in the tagged version. The one exception to this rule is in the tagging of citations that include the author name and date of publication (see below)
Author and Date Citations
Sometimes, there is a reference to a citation that includes the author name and the date of the publication, as in the following example:
... from a trajectory analysis (Smith, 1991) ...
In this case, the tagging should be:
... from a trajectory analysis (Smith,
<citationref linkend="CIT0991">1991</citationref>) ...
Note the inclusion of both the name, and the brackets, around the reference element. This is the exception to the usual rule that such punctuation should be omitted.
Sometimes, however, there are several references to citations that involve the same author, as in the following examples.
First, there might be two or more dates given separately:
... from a trajectory analysis (Smith, 1991, 1993, 2000)
... from a trajectory analysis (Smith,
<citationref linkend="CIT1991">1991</citationref>
<citationref linkend="CIT1993">1993</citationref>
<citationref linkend="CIT2000">2000</citationref>) ...
Second, there might be a range of dates given (even though there will not be a citation for each of the dates in the range):
... from a trajectory analysis (Smith, 1991 - 2000)
... from a trajectory analysis (Smith,
<refrange text="1991-2000">
<citationref linkend="CIT1991">1991</citationref>
<citationref linkend="CIT1993">1993</citationref>
<citationref linkend="CIT2000">2000</citationref>
</refrange>) ...
Third, there might be multiple citations in the same year, but the year number is not repeated in the text:
... from a trajectory analysis (Smith, 1991a, b)
... from a trajectory analysis (Smith,
<citationref linkend="CIT0001">1991a</citationref>
<citationref linkend="CIT0002">b</citationref>) ...
Finally, there might be a range and individual references to citations in the same year:
... from a trajectory analysis (Smith, 1991a-c, e)
... from a trajectory analysis (Smith,
<refrange text="1991a-c">
<citationref linkend="CIT0001">1991a</citationref>
<citationref linkend="CIT0002">1991b</citationref>
<citationref linkend="CIT0003">1991c</citationref>
</refrange><citationref linkend="CIT0004">e</citationref>) ...
External Text Reference
The
<textref> element is a slightly different reference element to the others. Its attributes provide for the connection to other articles, other products within Taylor & Francis Web sites, and elsewhere on the Web. This element will most likely only be utilized by Taylor & Francis internal developers. It was added to provide support for deep linking across products. There are currently no instructions in place for authors, editors or compositors to use this element.
Identifier Conventions
Although any XML element can have any legal identifier code, there are conventions that Taylor & Francis strongly recommend for identifying objects of different kinds. These involve the use of four digit incremental numbers, starting at "0001", for each type of target object. This value is prefixed with a code that identifies the type of object:
| |
- |
TFN = Table Footnote (actually, an endnote)
|
| |
- |
UC = Unnumbered Chemistry
|
Sections actually have a two digit number, as in "S001" (first section) and "S2001" (first sub-section).
When a figure is split into several parts, each one included using a separate
<graphic> element, then each
<graphic> element has an identifier that is the same as the enclosing figure identifier, except for a following sequence code, starting at "a" (and these identifiers can be referenced directly from
<figureref> elements.