Author Contributions and CRediT

Articles may include a statement and metadata that describe the activities of each person who contributed to the article. An author contributions statement acknowledges the specific contributions of each person. When an author contributions statement is provided it should be tagged using an <sec> element with attribute @sec-type="author-contributions” within <back>. CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) is a high-level taxonomy that can be used to describe the activities of each person in producing a scholarly output. When CRediT information is provided by the author(s), the CRediT roles should be tagged using the <role> element within <contrib> as part of the article metadata.

Schematron validation rules related to the CRediT taxonomy are listed at JATS-0048

Author Contributions and Acknowledgements

A statement of author contributions may be included in an article as its own acknowledgements section, or as part of the acknowledgements section, in the back of the article before the references list. This statement should be tagged as a paragraph <p> within a <sec> element with attribute sec-type="author-contributions" within <back>. The title of this section should be “Author Contributions” unless the author contributions statement is included with other acknowledgements in one acknowledgements section.

If a statement of author contributions is present and uses CRediT roles, then the CRediT roles should be tagged as metadata in <role> elements. The CRediT metadata in <role> elements must match the author contributions statement.

Depending on the journal’s policy for authorship, it may not be possible for all contributors to be included in the author list in the <contrib-group> in the article metadata. In this situation, the author contributions statement can list all contributors with their CRediT roles (and optionally with their degree of contribution), while the in the article metadata should include CRediT metadata tagged in <role> elements for the contributors who are the authors of the article.

CRediT role metadata

If CRediT information is provided by the author(s), then the <role> element should be used to tag the CRediT information for each contributor in the <contrib> element. Each <role> element should have the name of the CRediT role tagged as text within the <role> element, and have attributes @vocab, @vocab-identifier, @vocab-term, and @vocab-term-identifier that correspond to the CRediT role.

If the Author Contributions statement describes the contributions of each contributor using the CRediT roles, then this information should be used to tag CRediT metadata in <role> elements for each <contrib> in the article metadata.

The list below shows the <role> element tagging for all 14 CRediT Roles.

Degree of Contribution Optional

It is possible for two or more contributors to have the same CRediT role. When more than one contributor has the same CRediT role, each contributor’s degree of contribution may optionally be specified as “equal”, “lead”, or “supporting”. If a degree of contribution is provided, the <role> element should have a @degree-contribution attribute which contains a value of “equal”, “lead”, or “supporting.”

  • degree-contribution="equal"
  • degree-contribution="lead"
  • degree-contribution="supporting"

CRediT Roles

Conceptualization

Definition: Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.

<role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
    vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/"
    vocab-term="Conceptualization"
    >Conceptualization</role>

Data curation

Definition: Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later re-use.

<role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
    vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/data-curation/"
    vocab-term="Data curation"
    >Data curation</role>

Formal analysis

Definition: Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyse or synthesize study data.

<role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
    vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/formal-analysis/"
    vocab-term="Formal analysis"
    >Formal analysis</role>

Funding acquisition

Definition: Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication.

<role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
    vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/funding-acquisition/"
    vocab-term="Funding acquisition"
    >Funding acquisition</role>

Investigation

Definition: Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection.

<role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
    vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/investigation/"
    vocab-term="Investigation"
    >Investigation</role>

Methodology

Definition: Development or design of methodology; creation of models.

<role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
    vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/methodology/"
    vocab-term="Methodology"
    >Methodology</role>

Project administration

Definition: Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution.

<role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
    vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/project-administration/"
    vocab-term="Project administration"
    >Project administration</role>

Resources

Definition: Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools.

<role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
    vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/resources/"
    vocab-term="Resources"
    >Resources</role>

Software

Definition: Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components.

<role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
    vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/software/"
    vocab-term="Software"
    >Software</role>

Supervision

Definition: Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team.

<role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
    vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/supervision/"
    vocab-term="Supervision"
    >Supervision</role>

Validation

Definition: Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs.

<role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
    vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/validation/"
    vocab-term="Validation"
    >Validation</role>

Visualization

Definition: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation.

<role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
    vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/visualization/"
    vocab-term="Visualization"
    >Visualization</role>

Writing – original draft

Definition: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation).

<role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
    vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-original-draft/"
    vocab-term="Writing &#x2013; original draft"
    >Writing &#x2013; original draft</role>

Writing – review & editing

Definition: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision – including pre- or post-publication stages.

<role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
    vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing/"
    vocab-term="Writing &#x2013; review &amp; editing"
    >Writing &#x2013; review &amp; editing</role>

Examples

Example 1: Incorrect

This example of an Author Contributions statement (which was published in article https://doi.org/10.1080/23294515.2020.1818877) is incorrect. The problems in this example are:

  • The sec-type="author-contributions” attribute was omitted
  • Some text from a submission form (“Please provide…") was incorrectly included in addition to the actual statement that was provided by the authors.
<sec id="S0006" disp-level="1">
<title>Author contributions</title>
<p>Please provide a brief statement regarding the contributions of the listed authors regarding the conception, design, data collection, and/or drafting of the manuscript. (See the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors’ Uniform Requirements for manuscripts for more information: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.icmje.org/ethical_1author.html">http://www.icmje.org/ethical_1author.html</ext-link>.) All authors contributed to the drafting and revisions to this manuscript. Ekaterina Pivovarova and Robert Klitzman were also interviewers and integral to the data collection process.</p>
</sec>

Corrected version:

<sec id="S0006" disp-level="1" sec-type="author-contributions">
<title>Author contributions</title>
<p>All authors contributed to the drafting and revisions to this manuscript. Ekaterina Pivovarova and Robert Klitzman were also interviewers and integral to the data collection process.</p>
</sec>

The @id and @disp-level attributes are optional.

Example 2: CRediT metadata and Author Contributions

In this example, there is CRediT role metadata for each author and an Author Contributions statement. The CRediT role metadata and the Author Contributions statement are consistent with each other.

<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/leap.1210</article-id>
…
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
    <contrib-id content-type="orcid">0000-0002-9298-3168</contrib-id>
    <name>
        <surname>Allen</surname>
        <given-names>Liz</given-names>
    </name>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/"
        vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/"
        vocab-term="Conceptualization">Conceptualization</role>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/"
        vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-original-draft/"
        vocab-term="Writing &#x2013; original draft">Writing &#x2013; original
        draft</role>
</contrib>
<contrib>
    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9032-3983</contrib-id>
    <name>
        <surname>O&#x2019;Connell</surname>
        <given-names>Alison</given-names>
    </name>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
        vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing/"
        vocab-term="Writing &#x2013; review &amp; editing"
        >Writing &#x2013; review &amp; editing</role>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
        vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/"
        vocab-term="Conceptualization"
        >Conceptualization</role>
</contrib>
<contrib>
    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8771-7239</contrib-id>
    <name>
        <surname>Kiermer</surname>
        <given-names>Veronique</given-names>
    </name>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
        vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing/"
        vocab-term="Writing &#x2013; review &amp; editing"
        >Writing &#x2013; review &amp; editing</role>
    <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
        vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/"
        vocab-term="Conceptualization"
        >Conceptualization</role>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
…
</article-meta>
…
<back>
…
<sec sec-type="author-contributions">
    <title>Author Contributions</title>
    <p>Liz Allen performed writing &#x2013; original draft and conceptualization. Alison O&#x2019;Connell and Veronique Kiermer performed writing &#x2013; review and editing; conceptualization.</p>
</sec>
…
</back>

Example 3: Author Contributions basic statement

In this example, the author contributions statement makes a general acknowledgement that all authors contributed and approved the manuscript.

<sec sec-type="author-contributions">
    <title>Author contributions</title>
    <p>All authors approved the submitted manuscript and contributed actively to the study.</p>
</sec>

Example 4: Author Contributions stating only equal contribution

In this example, the author contributions statement states only that all authors contributed equally.

<sec sec-type="author-contributions">
    <title>Author contributions</title>
    <p>All the authors contributed equally to this article.</p>
</sec>

Example 5: Author Contributions describing each author’s contribution

In this example, the authors contributions statement provides a detailed account of each person’s contribution. This statement does not use the CRediT roles.

<sec sec-type="author-contributions">
    <title>Author contributions</title>
    <p>Xiaqin Fang, An Xie, Hui Song, Dong Jiang, He Li, Zhiqiang Wang, Xiaochuan Tan, Yujia Zhang, Aiping Wang and Wensheng Zheng participated in conducting the study. Wensheng Zheng, Xiaqin Fang and Hui Song designed and performed the majority of the study. All other authors also contributed to data analysis. Xiaqin Fang, An Xie, Hui Song drafted the manuscript. Dong Jiang, He Li provided language help and with writing assistance. Wensheng Zheng proofread the article. All other authors amended the manuscript and agreed to publication.</p>
</sec>

Example 6: Author Contributions and separate Acknowledgements

In this example, the article includes an Acknowledgements section and an Author Contributions section.

<ack>
    <title>Acknowledgements</title>
    <p>We would like to acknowledge all our co-workers at the Department of Nephrology and Department of Dialysis for their constant support and help.</p>
</ack>
<sec sec-type="author-contributions">
    <title>Author contributions</title>
    <p>All authors have made substantial contributions to the conception of the review on hyperuricemia, have revised it critically for important intellectual content; have approved the final version to be published; and have agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.</p>
</sec>

Example 7: Author Contributions included in acknowledgements

In this example, an author contributions statement is included in the acknowledgements section.

<ack>
    <title>Acknowledgments</title>
    <p>We would like to thank colleagues in the department of Clinical Biochemistry of The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen Hospitals Trust for encouragement during this study. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission. Research funding: None declared. Employment or leadership: None declared.Honorarium: None declared.</p>
</ack>

Example 8: CRediT metadata and Author Contributions with abbreviated contributor names

<article>
<front>
…
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/14786419.2020.1824228</article-id>
…
<contrib-group>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Sanna</surname>
            <given-names>Giuseppina</given-names>
        </name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">a</xref>
        <xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="EN0001">†</xref>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="AN0001"/>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/"
            vocab-term="Conceptualization"
            >Conceptualization</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/data-curation/"
            vocab-term="Data curation"
            >Data curation</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/formal-analysis/"
            vocab-term="Formal analysis"
            >Formal analysis</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/investigation/"
            vocab-term="Investigation"
            >Investigation</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/methodology/"
            vocab-term="Methodology"
            >Methodology</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/software/"
            vocab-term="Software"
            >Software</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/supervision/"
            vocab-term="Supervision"
            >Supervision</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/visualization/"
            vocab-term="Visualization"
            >Visualization</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-original-draft/"
            vocab-term="Writing &#x2013; original draft"
            >Writing &#x2013; original draft</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing/"
            vocab-term="Writing &#x2013; review &amp; editing"
            >Writing &#x2013; review &amp; editing</role>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Madeddu</surname>
            <given-names>Silvia</given-names>
        </name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">a</xref>
        <xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="EN0001">†</xref>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/data-curation/"
            vocab-term="Data curation"
            >Data curation</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/investigation/"
            vocab-term="Investigation"
            >Investigation</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/methodology/"
            vocab-term="Methodology"
            >Methodology</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/software/"
            vocab-term="Software"
            >Software</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-original-draft/"
            vocab-term="Writing &#x2013; original draft"
            >Writing &#x2013; original draft</role>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Serreli</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriele</given-names>
        </name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">a</xref>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/data-curation/"
            vocab-term="Data curation"
            >Data curation</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/investigation/"
            vocab-term="Investigation"
            >Investigation</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/methodology/"
            vocab-term="Methodology"
            >Methodology</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/software/"
            vocab-term="Software"
            >Software</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-original-draft/"
            vocab-term="Writing &#x2013; original draft"
            >Writing &#x2013; original draft</role>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Nguyen</surname>
            <given-names>Hoai Thi</given-names>
        </name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">b</xref>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/formal-analysis/"
            vocab-term="Formal analysis"
            >Formal analysis</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/project-administration/"
            vocab-term="Project administration"
            >Project administration</role>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Le</surname>
            <given-names>Nhan Trong</given-names>
        </name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">b</xref>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/investigation/"
            vocab-term="Investigation"
            >Investigation</role>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Usai</surname>
            <given-names>Donatella</given-names>
        </name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">c</xref>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/"
            vocab-term="Conceptualization"
            >Conceptualization</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/formal-analysis/"
            vocab-term="Formal analysis"
            >Formal analysis</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/visualization/"
            vocab-term="Visualization"
            >Visualization</role>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Carta</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio</given-names>
        </name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0004">d</xref>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/visualization/"
            vocab-term="Visualization"
            >Visualization</role>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Cappuccinelli</surname>
            <given-names>Piero</given-names>
        </name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0004">d</xref>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">c</xref>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/"
            vocab-term="Conceptualization"
            >Conceptualization</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/funding-acquisition/"
            vocab-term="Funding acquisition"
            >Funding acquisition</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/project-administration/"
            vocab-term="Project administration"
            >Project administration</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/resources/"
            vocab-term="Resources"
            >Resources</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/supervision/"
            vocab-term="Supervision"
            >Supervision</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/validation/"
            vocab-term="Validation"
            >Validation</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/visualization/"
            vocab-term="Visualization"
            >Visualization</role>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Zanetti</surname>
            <given-names>Stefania</given-names>
        </name>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0004">d</xref>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">c</xref>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/funding-acquisition/"
            vocab-term="Funding acquisition"
            >Funding acquisition</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/project-administration/"
            vocab-term="Project administration"
            >Project administration</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/resources/"
            vocab-term="Resources"
            >Resources</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/supervision/"
            vocab-term="Supervision"
            >Supervision</role>
        <role vocab="credit" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/" 
            vocab-term-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/validation/"
            vocab-term="Validation"
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    <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Donadu</surname>
            <given-names>Matthew Gavino</given-names>
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        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">c</xref>
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    <aff id="AF0001">
        <label>a</label>
        <institution>Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari</institution>, <city>Monserrato, Cagliari</city>, <country>Italy</country>
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0002">
        <label>b</label>
        <institution>Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University</institution>, <city>Hue</city>, <country>Viet Nam</country>
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0003">
        <label>c</label>
        <institution>Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari</institution>, <city>Sassari</city>, <country>Italy</country>
    </aff>
    <aff id="AF0004">
        <label>d</label>
        <institution>Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari</institution>, <city>Sassari</city>, <country>Italy</country>
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<author-notes>
    <fn id="FN0800">
        <p>This article has been amended with a minor change to the acknowledgements. This change does not impact the academic content of the article.</p>
    </fn>
    <fn id="EN0001">
        <label>&#x2020;</label>
        <p>Equal contribution.</p>
    </fn>
    <fn id="AUFN2">
        <p>Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2020.1824228">https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2020.1824228</ext-link>.</p>
    </fn>
    <corresp id="AN0001">
        <bold>CONTACT</bold> Giuseppina Sanna <ext-link ext-link-type="email" xlink:href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</ext-link>; Matthew Gavino Donadu <ext-link ext-link-type="email" xlink:href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</ext-link>
    </corresp>
</author-notes>
…
</article-meta>
</front>
…
<back>
…
<sec sec-type="author-contributions">
    <title>Author contributions</title>
    <p>Conceptualization, D.U., P.C., G.S., and M.G.D.; Data curation, G.S., G.Se., S.M.; Formal analysis, G.S, D.U., H.T.N. and M.G.D.; Funding acquisition, P.C., S.Z. and M.G.D.; Investigation, S.M, G. Se., G.S, N.T.L.; Methodology, G.Se, G.S., S.M. Project administration, P.C., S.Z., H.T.N. and M.G.D.; Resources, P.C., S.Z. and M.G.D.; Software, G.S., S.M., G.Se.; Supervision, G.S., P.C., S.Z. and M.G.D.; Validation, P.C., S.Z.; Visualization, D.U., G.S., A.C., P.C., S.Z. and M.G.D.; Writing &#x2013; original draft, G.S., S.M., G.Se. and M.G.D.; Writing &#x2013; review &amp; editing, G.S.</p>
</sec>
…
</back>
</article>

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