Keywords

A keyword is a finding aid used to record one subject term, key phrase, abbreviation, indexing word, taxonomic structure, or other expression that is associated with an article. Keywords can be used for identification, searching, and indexing purposes. A keyword element (<kwd>) may contain a repetition of words found in the structure, or it may contain broader terms, narrower terms, related terms, or taxonomic identifiers used to find the structure in a search or provide semantic classification of the text by mapping a specific structure to a taxonomy.

Most articles contain one set of keywords supplied by the author. Some articles may contain multiple sets of keywords; one set may be supplied by the author and the other set(s) may contain taxonomic identifiers or subject classification codes such as MSC or JEL codes.

Each set of keywords (<kwd>) should be tagged within a <kwd-group> element, which is a child of the <article-meta> element. Each <kwd-group> should be assigned with a @kwd-group-type attribute and a <title> element taken from the list below (unless a specific <title> has been provided).

If @kwd-group-type is set as JEL or MSC, and then the following @vocab and @vocab-identifier attributes should be assigned to the <kwd-group>.

Translated Keywords

When an article contains keywords sets supplied in more than one language, a separate <kwd-group> element should be used to tag each language version of the keywords set. The @xml:lang attribute is used to identify the language for each <kwd-group>.     The primary-language <kwd-group> does not need an @xml:lang attribute because the language is inherited from the @xml:lang attribute in the <article> element. The <title> is used to provide the translation of ‘keywords’ in each language.  See the documentation on ‘Languages & Translations’ for more information and tagging guidelines.

Examples

Example 1

A simple set of author-supplied keywords.

<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"> 
    <title>Keywords</title> 
    <kwd>Mexico</kwd> 
    <kwd>epigenetics</kwd> 
    <kwd>eugenics</kwd> 
    <kwd>genomics</kwd> 
</kwd-group> 

Example 2

Two sets of keywords One set is author-supplied and one uses JEL codes.

<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"> 
    <title>Keywords</title> 
    <kwd>Buchanan</kwd> 
    <kwd>Robbins</kwd> 
    <kwd>choice</kwd> 
    <kwd>exchange</kwd> 
</kwd-group> 
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="JEL" vocab="jel" vocab-identifier="https://www.aeaweb.org/econlit/jelCodes.php"> 
    <title>JEL Classification</title> 
    <kwd>B29</kwd> 
    <kwd>B31</kwd> 
    <kwd>B41</kwd> 
</kwd-group> 

Example 3

Primary English-language set of keywords with translations in Portuguese and Spanish.

<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">  
    <title>Keywords</title> 
    <kwd>Temporality</kwd>
    <kwd>technoscience</kwd>
    <kwd>peace</kwd>
    <kwd>war</kwd>
    <kwd>pharmaceuticalization</kwd>  
</kwd-group>  
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author" xml:lang="pt">  
    <title>Palavras-chave</title>
    <kwd>temporalidade</kwd>
    <kwd>tecnoci&ecirc;ncia</kwd>
    <kwd>paz</kwd>
    <kwd>guerra</kwd>
    <kwd>farmaceuticaliza&ccedil;&atilde;o</kwd>  
</kwd-group>  
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author" xml:lang="es">  
    <title>Palabras Clave</title>
    <kwd>Temporalidad</kwd>
    <kwd>tecnociencia</kwd>
    <kwd>paz</kwd>
    <kwd>guerra</kwd>
    <kwd>farmaceuticalizaci&oacute;n</kwd>
</kwd-group>