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Opening Page Footnotes

  • 2 Dec 2025: Minor edits and clarifications

Introduction

Typical <author-notes> include correspondence notes and other notes regarding authors (and potentially about other contributors). Such notes may name one of the authors a corresponding author, provide the author affiliation or current contact information, explain that the person has changed organizations, or provide other contributor-related material. (Source: https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/tag-library/1.2d1/element/author-notes.html)

<author-notes> is optional and must be contained in the <article-meta> element if present.

Elements within <author-notes> should have an @id attribute to allow linking from an <xref> element in a <contrib> using a @ref-type of author-notes and a @rid that matches the appropriate @id.

Any non-<corresp> data in <author-notes> must be contained within a <fn> element.

<ack> contains acknowledgements: textual material that names the parties who the author wishes to thank or recognize for their assistance in, for example, producing the work, funding the work, inspiring the work, or assisting in the research on which the work is based. (Source: https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/tag-library/1.2d1/element/ack.html) <ack> is optional and should be contained in the <back> element.

See Biography for more information about tagging for biographies.

Author Notes

Corresponding Author Information

<author-notes> 
<corresp id="AN0001">CONTACT John Q Author <email xlink:href="[email protected]">[email protected]</email></corresp> 
</author-notes> 

The above consists of fairly typical author-notes, comprising correspondence details for a corresponding author. For more information on tagging these elements, see Authors and Affiliations.

Current Affiliation

In instances where an author has changed affiliations after acceptance, a current affiliation footnote can be added to the first page of the article.

Valid Tagging:

<author-notes> 
<corresp id="AN0001">CONTACT John Q Author <email xlink:href="[email protected]">[email protected]</email></corresp> 
<fn> 
<p>Present affiliation for John Q Author is UNESCO Regional Office for Southern Africa (ROSA), Harare, Zimbabwe.</p> 
</fn> 
</author-notes> 

Note: <fn> within <author-notes> currently are not displayed on TFO.

Ideal Tagging:

<author-notes> 
<corresp id="AN0001">CONTACT John Q Author <email xlink:href="[email protected]">[email protected]</email></corresp> 
<fn fn-type="current-aff"> 
<p>Present affiliation for John Q Author is UNESCO Regional Office for Southern Africa (ROSA), Harare, Zimbabwe.</p> 
</fn> 
</author-notes> 

In an ideal world every <fn> in <author-notes> would carry an attribute which defines the content within it. This is from the PMC validation rules, which allow values of com, con, current-aff, deceased, equal, and present-address. Including the attribute for current-aff may add a descriptive label in the online rendering of the footnote.

Acknowledgments

Valid Tagging:

<ack> 
<title>Acknowledgements</title> 
<p>The authors wish to thank Amelia Author for her assistance with the literature search, and John Q Author and Laszlo Cook for giving the researchers access to their personal archives with evaluations, articles, books, reports and correspondence on many of the disasters and crises analysed in this study.</p> 
</ack> 

All <ack> sections should have a title, containing the text ‘Acknowledgements’ if nothing else is specified. Then text in <p> tags.

Incorrect Tagging:

<ack> 
<title>Acknowledgements</title> 
<abstract></abstract> 
<kwd-group></kwd-group> 
<p>text text text</p> 
<sec></sec> 
<ref-list></ref-list> 
</ack> 

Although <abstract>, <kwd-group>, <sec> and <ref-list> are all valid elements within <ack> under JATS 1.2, from a practical point of view they should be ruled out. Acknowledgements shouldn’t be complex documents in their own right.