References
The data within references should be fully tagged. This document shows how each piece of information that commonly appears within references should be tagged using JATS elements and attributes. Note that the examples here are intended to show XML tagging not reference formatting, and reference formatting should always be according to the journal style.
Journal articles commonly include citations, or references, to other works in order to properly credit the originators of ideas and information that the authors have used in their research and writing. Within a citation or reference, key identifying information, such as author and source, is included to uniquely identify the work, which may provide enough information for a reader to be able to locate the work. Citations and references are formatted according to the style of the journal in which the article is published. References are densely packed with formatting and data. Human readers may rely on reference formatting to parse the information that is contained within a reference, while machines may rely on XML tags to identify each piece of information that is contained within a reference. The examples below show how to use the elements and attributes that are provided by JATS to tag references in Taylor & Francis journals.
TF JATS uses the <mixed-citation> element to capture fully tagged reference data and preserve all punctuation and formatting. The <mixed-citation> element can appear within a <ref> element in a list of references tagged using the <ref-list> element. The <mixed-citation> element can also appear within the <fn> element when a footnote or endnote contains citation information about a work that is being referenced.
Within <mixed-citation> all information should be tagged using appropriate elements. Only punctuation characters, whitespace, and boilerplate text (“doi”, “eds”, “vol”, etc.) should be present as untagged text in <mixed-citation>, <person-group> and <string-name>.
Table of Contents
Parts of Reference
Reference Number
Reference Data |
Type of Publication |
Tags |
<label> |
Instruction |
For numbered references, the reference number should be tagged using a <label> element placed directly within the <ref> element. |
Correct Examples |
<ref-list><ref id="CIT00001"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
All |
Type of Publication
Reference Data |
Type of Publication |
Tags |
@publication-type |
Instruction |
The type of publication referenced (e.g. whether it is a book, journal article, etc.) must be tagged in a @publication-type attribute. The value should be taken from this list: journal, book, letter, review, patent, report, standard, data, software, working-paper, confproc, thesis, newspaper, web, legal-case, legislation, other |
Correct Examples |
<mixed-citation publication-type="journal"> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
All |
Author Names
Reference Data |
Author Names |
Tags |
<person-group>, <string-name>, <given-names>, <surname>, <collab>, <etal> |
Instruction |
The names of authors must be tagged using a <person-group> element with a @person-group-type attribute value of “author”. Within <person-group>, each individual person's name should be tagged using <string-name> containing <given-names> and <surname> elements, or for the name of an organization or collaborative group name the name should be tagged using the <collab> element. If the reference style is to place a period after an initial for an author's first name the period for the initial should also be captured in the element with the initial. If the reference style is to substitute a portion of the author list with the phrase et al. the <etal> element should be used (see <etal>). If the author's name is listed as its initials then the period should be placed within the element. |
Correct Examples |
<person-group person-group-type="author"><string-name><surname>Chakhoyan</surname>, <given-names>A.</given-names></string-name> and <string-name><given-names>C.</given-names> <surname>Goldman</surname></string-name></person-group> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
All |
Editor Names
Reference Data |
Editor Names |
Tags |
<person-group>, <string-name>, <given-names>, <surname>, <collab>, <etal> |
Instruction |
The names of editors should be tagged in the same manner as names of authors. The @person-group-type attribute should be set to “editor”. Text such as “edited by” or “Ed.” should be placed within a <role> element inside the <person-group> either before or after the list of names according to the reference style. |
Correct Examples |
<person-group person-group-type="editor"><string-name><surname>Rotar</surname>, <given-names>M.</given-names></string-name> (<role>Ed.</role>)</person-group> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Book |
Translator Names
Reference Data |
Translator Names |
Tags |
<person-group>, <string-name>, <given-names>, <surname>, <collab>, <etal> |
Instruction |
The names of translators should be tagged in the same manner as names of authors. The @person-group-type attribute should be set to “translator”. Text such as “translated by” or “trans.” should be placed within a <role> element inside the <person-group> either before or after the list of names according to the reference style. |
Correct Examples |
<person-group person-group-type="translator"><string-name><given-names>S.</given-names> <surname>Shabad</surname></string-name>, <role>Trans.</role></person-group> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Book |
Et. al
Reference Data |
Et. al |
Tags |
<etal> |
Instruction |
When the phrase et al. is used to abbreviate a list of authors, the <etal> element should be used and it should contain the phrase et al. |
Correct Examples |
<etal>et al.</etal>
<etal>et al.</etal> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
All |
Year of Publication
Reference Data |
Year of Publication |
Tags |
<year> |
Instruction |
The year in which a work being cited was published should be tagged using the <year> element directly within <mixed-citation>. If the month and day of publication are also present they should be tagged within <month> and <day> elements, respectively, also directly within <mixed-citation>. |
Correct Examples |
(<year>2008</year>) |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
All |
Volume
Reference Data |
Volume |
Tags |
<volume> |
Instruction |
The volume number for a journal article should be tagged using the <volume> element. |
Correct Examples |
<volume>21</volume>(<issue>7</issue>): <fpage>739</fpage>-<lpage>740</lpage> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
journal |
Issue
Reference Data |
Issue |
Tags |
<issue> |
Instruction |
The issue number for a journal article should be tagged using the <issue> element. |
Correct Examples |
<volume>21</volume>(<issue>7</issue>): <fpage>739</fpage>-<lpage>740</lpage> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
journal |
First Page
Reference Data |
First Page |
Tags |
<fpage> |
Instruction |
The first page of a cited publication should be tagged using the <fpage> element. |
Correct Examples |
<volume>21</volume>(<issue>7</issue>): <fpage>739</fpage>-<lpage>740</lpage> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
All |
Last Page
Reference Data |
Last Page |
Tags |
<lpage> |
Instruction |
The last page of a cited publication should be tagged using the <lpage> element. |
Correct Examples |
<volume>21\</volume>(<issue>7</issue>):<fpage>739</fpage>-<lpage>740</lpage> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
All |
Page Range
Reference Data |
Page Range |
Tags |
<page-range> |
Instruction |
A non-continuous page range of a cited publication should be tagged using the <page-range> element. |
Correct Examples |
pages <page-range>47-52, 98</page-range> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
All |
Size of work being cited
Reference Data |
Size of work being cited |
Tags |
<size> |
Instruction |
The size of a work being cited, such as the total number of pages, should be tagged using the <size> element. The @units attribute must identify the unit of measurement, such as “pages”. The text within the <size> element should only be a number. Any associated text, such as “pages” should be placed before or after the element according to reference style. |
Correct Examples |
<size units="pages">520</size> pp |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Book |
Source of publication name
Reference Data |
Source of publication name |
Tags |
<source> |
Instruction |
The title of a publication or document that is being cited should be tagged in the <source> element. For example, <source> element can contain the title of a journal, or the title of a book. If the citation is to a specific work within the source, the title of the specific work should be captures using corresponding elements (see <article-title>, <chapter-title>, <data-title>, <part-title>). |
Correct Examples |
<source><italic>Oxford Handbook of Food, Politics, and Society</italic></source> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
All |
Title of an article
Reference Data |
Title of an article |
Tags |
<article-title> |
Instruction |
The full title of a cited journal article should be tagged in the <article-title> element. |
Correct Examples |
<article-title>Solvent resistant nanofiltration: separating on a molecular level </article-title> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
journal |
Title of a chapter within a book
Reference Data |
Title of a chapter within a book |
Tags |
<chapter-title> |
Instruction |
The title of a cited book chapter should be tagged in <chapter-title> |
Correct Examples |
<chapter-title>The Putney Debates: The debate on the franchise</chapter-title> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Book |
Title of a dataset
Reference Data |
Title of a dataset |
Tags |
<data-title> |
Instruction |
The title of a cited data set should be tagged using <data-title> |
Correct Examples |
<data-title><italic>Experimental priming of independent and interdependent activity does not affect culturally-variable psychological processes</italic></data-title> [<comment>Data set</comment> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Data |
Title of a cited part within a publication
Reference Data |
Title of a cited part within a cited part within a publication |
Tags |
<part-title> |
Instruction |
In a citation to a specific part (e.g. module, section) within a source publication, the title of the specific part should be tagged using <part-title>. For the title of a book chapter, journal article, data set, or issue the more specific corresponding element (<chapter-title>, <article-title>, <data-title>, <issue-title> respectively) should be used instead of <part-title>. |
Correct Examples |
|
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Other |
Title of an issue of a serial publication
Reference Data |
Title of an issue of a serial publication |
Tags |
<issue-title> |
Instruction |
This element should be used to tag the title of an issue of a serial publication |
Correct Examples |
|
Reference types commonly appearing in |
journal, other |
Edition
Reference Data |
Edition |
Tags |
<edition> |
Instruction |
The edition number and ordinal should be captured within the <edition> element. |
Correct Examples |
(<edition>2nd</edition> ed.). |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Book |
Publisher Name
Reference Data |
Publisher Name |
Tags |
<publisher-name> |
Instruction |
The name of a publisher should be tagged using the <publisher-name> element. |
Correct Examples |
<publisher-name>Taylor & Francis Group</publisher-name> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Book |
Publisher Location
Reference Data |
Publisher Location |
Tags |
<publisher-loc> |
Instruction |
The geographical location of a publisher should be tagged using the <publisher-loc> element. |
Correct Examples |
<publisher-loc>Philadelphia, PA</publisher-loc> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Book |
Acronym of a Conference Name
Reference Data |
Acronym of Conference Name |
Tags |
<conf-acronym> |
Instruction |
If an acronym by which a conference is known is present it should be tagged using the <conf-acronym> element. |
Correct Examples |
<conf-name>Society for Research in Higher Education Annual Research Conference</conf-name> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Conference |
Date of Conference
Reference Data |
Date of Conference |
Tags |
<conf-date> |
Instruction |
If the date when a conference was held is present in addition to a publication date, the date of the conference should be tagged using the <conf-date> element. |
Correct Examples |
<conf-date>May 20-21, 2019</conf-date> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Conference |
Location of Conference
Reference Data |
Location of Conference |
Tags |
<conf-loc> |
Instruction |
The geographic location of a conference should be tagged using the <conf-loc> elemnt. |
Correct Examples |
<conf-loc>London, UK</conf-loc> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Conference |
Name of Conference
Reference Data |
Name of Conference |
Tags |
<conf-name> |
Instruction |
The name of a conference should be tagged using the <conf-name> element. |
Correct Examples |
<conf-name>3rd International Conference on Organic Solvent Nanofiltration</conf-name> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Conference |
Reference Data |
Sponsor of Conference |
Tags |
<conf-sponsor> |
Instruction |
The name of a sponsor of a conference should be tagged using the <conf-sponsor> element. |
Correct Examples |
<conf-sponsor>ACM, Assoc. for Computing Machinery</conf-sponsor> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Conference |
Date other than publication date
Reference Data |
Date other than publication date |
Tags |
<date-in-citation> |
Instruction |
Any date that appears in a reference, other than the publication date of the work being cited or the date of a conference, should be tagged within the <date-in-citation> element. The @content-type attribute should hold a value to describe what the date is, such as “access-date”. |
Correct Examples |
Accessed at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://ojphi.org/article/view/2920/4722" >http://ojphi.org/article/view/2920/4722</ext-link><date-in-citation content-type="access-date"><month>Sep</month><day>30</day>, <year>2018</year></date-in-citation> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Web page |
DOI
Reference Data |
DOI |
Tags |
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi"> |
Instruction |
In a reference, the DOI of the referenced publication, if known, should be tagged within a <pub-id> element with attribute pub-id-type="doi”. The element should contain only a DOI or a DOI URL. If the reference style requires a “doi:” prefix appear before the DOI then the prefix should be placed before the element. See DOIs in References for more information. |
Correct Examples |
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2020.1760625</pub-id> doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/00087041.2020.1760625</pub-id> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Journal, Data |
URL
Reference Data |
URL |
Tags |
<ext-link> |
Instruction |
The URL to an online publication (which is not a DOI URL) should be tagged using a <ext-link> element with @ext-link-type attribute value “uri”. The complete URL should be placed in the @xlink:href attribute. The text that should be presented as an active link should be tagged within the <ext-link> element, which may repeat the complete URL. |
Correct Examples |
Accessed at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://ojphi.org/article/view/2920/4722" >http://ojphi.org/article/view/2920/4722</ext-link><date-in-citation content-type="access-date"><month>Sep</month><day>30</day>, <year>2018</year></date-in-citation> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Web page, report, conference paper |
ISBN
Reference Data |
ISBN |
Tags |
<isbn> |
Instruction |
In a citation, an ISBN should be tagged using the <isbn> element. The <isbn> element should contain only an ISBN and any corresponding text such as “ISBN:” should be placed next to the element according to the reference style. |
Correct Examples |
ISBN: <isbn>978-1-937522-89-6</isbn> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Books |
ISSN
Reference Data |
ISSN |
Tags |
<issn> |
Instruction |
In a citation (i.e. not in journal-meta), an ISSN should be tagged using the <issn> element. The <issn> element should contain only an ISSN, and any corresponding text such as “ISSN:” should be placed next to the element according to the reference style. |
Correct Examples |
ISSN: <issn>1041-5653</issn> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
Serial publications |
Standard Designation
Reference Data |
Standard Designation |
Tags |
<pub-id pub-id-type="std-designation"> |
Instruction |
In a reference to standard, the designation (or designator) is a unique identifier by which the standard is known. The designation should be tagged in a <pub-id> element with attribute pub-id-type="std-designation”, and the element should contain the complete designation without any preceding or trailing punctuation. A standard designation is usually comprised of the acronym of the issuing organization followed by an identifier, and may include a year or version indicator.
If a reference to a standard includes the title of the standard then the title should be tagged in a <source> element.
If a reference to a standard includes the issuing organization’s name and location then this information may be tagged in <publisher-name> and <publisher-loc>. The name of the issuing organization may be tagged in <person-group person-group-type="author"><collab> depending on the reference style.
Note: the <std> element was previously recommended for the identifier of a standard but <pub-id pub-id-type="std-designation"> is preferred. |
Correct Examples |
<pub-id pub-id-type="std-designation">ANSI/NISO Z39.96-2019</pub-id> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
standard |
Any other reference data
Reference Data |
Any other reference data |
Tags |
<comment> |
Instruction |
The <comment> element should be used to tag information within references only when a more descriptive element is not available. |
Correct Examples |
<mixed-citation publication-type="software"><person-group person-group-type="author"><string-name><surname>Author</surname>, <given-names>A. A.</given-names></string-name></person-group> (<year>yyyy</year>). <source><italic>Title of the software: Subtitle</italic></source> ( Version <version>#.#</version> [<comment>Computer software</comment>]. <publisher-name>Producer Name</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation> |
Reference types commonly appearing in |
All |
Converting references supplied as <element-citation> or <nlm-citation>
JATS provides three models for tagging references: <mixed-citation>, <element-citation>, and <nlm-citation>. The <element-citation> and <nlm-citation> elements do not allow formatting and instead rely on software to format references for display.
When converting NLM DTD or JATS XML created by other sources to TF JATS, if any <element-citation> or <nlm-citation> elements are present they should be converted to <mixed-citation>. When converting a reference from <element-citation> or <nlm-citation> to <mixed-citation> reference formatting should be added using automation to arrange the order of elements and insert punctuation and boilerplate text following the journal style as closely as is reasonably possible.
The original <element-citation> or <nlm-citation> can be preserved alongside the new <mixed-citation> within a <citation-alternatives> element.
Examples
Provide examples of XML tagging, along with a short description for each example, using ideal semantic tagging. Examples should be based on live content if possible. Use the " Code Inline” Word style, or include XML files and reference the file name and XPath to the relevant part of the file. It is helpful to include both correct examples and examples of incorrect tagging that should fail validation. Where it may be helpful, examples can include screenshots of renderings and PDFs along with the corresponding XML tagging.
Journal Article
Reference type |
Journal article |
Reference style |
ACS (American Chemical Society) |
Rendering in PDF |
2. Vandezande, P., Gevers, L.E. and Vankelecom, I.F. (2008) Solventresistant nanofiltration: separating on a molecular level. Chem. Soc.Rev., 37(2):365–405. doi:10.1039/b610848m |
JATS XML |
<ref id="CIT0002"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><string-name><surname>Vandezande</surname>, <given-names>P.</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>Gevers</surname>, <given-names>L.E.</given-names></string-name> and <string-name><surname>Vankelecom</surname>, <given-names>I.F.</given-names></string-name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>) <article-title>Solvent resistant nanofiltration: separating on a molecular level</article-title>. <source><italic>Chem. Soc. Rev.</italic></source>, <volume>37</volume>(<issue>2</issue>):<fpage>365</fpage> #x2013;<lpage>405</lpage>. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1039/b610848m</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref> |
Notes |
This example is from LSPR 10.1080/15422119.2018.1526805 |
Conference
Reference type |
Conference |
Reference style |
ACS (American Chemical Society) |
Rendering in PDF |
5. Cheryan, M. (2010) Applications of OSN in food and bioprocessing,3rd International Conference on Organic Solvent Nanofiltration,London, UK, September 2010. |
JATS XML |
<ref id="CIT0005"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="confproc"><person-group person-group-type="author"><string-name><surname>Cheryan</surname>, <given-names>M.</given-names></string-name></person-group> (<year>2010</year>) <article-title>Applications of OSN in food and bioprocessing</article-title>, <conf-name>3rd International Conference on Organic Solvent Nanofiltration</conf-name>, <conf-loc>London, UK</conf-loc>, <month>September</month><year>2010</year>.</mixed-citation></ref> |
Notes |
This example is from LSPR 10.1080/15422119.2018.1526805 |
Book with editor
Reference type |
Book with editor |
Reference style |
ACS (American Chemical Society) |
Rendering in PDF |
128. Bakajin, O., Noy, A., Fornasiero, F., Grigoropoulus, C., Holt, J.K., In,J.B., Kim, S., Park, H.G. (2009) Nanofluidic carbon nanotube membranes:Applications for water purification and desalination; Savage,et al., Eds.; Willian Andrew Inc./Elsevier: New York, NY, 77–93. |
JATS XML |
<ref id="CIT0128"><label>128.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><string-name><surname>Bakajin</surname>, <given-names>O.</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>Noy</surname>, <given-names>A.</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>Fornasiero</surname>, <given-names>F.</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>Grigoropoulus</surname>, <given-names>C.</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>Holt</surname>, <given-names>J.K.</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>In</surname>, <given-names>J.B.</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>Kim</surname>, <given-names>S.</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>Park</surname>, <given-names>H.G.</given-names></string-name></person-group> (<year>2009</year>) <source><italic>Nanofluidic carbon nanotube membranes: Applications for water purification and desalination</italic></source>; <person-group person-group-type="editor"><string-name><surname>Savage</surname></string-name>, <etal>et al.</etal>, <role>Eds.</person-group>; <publisher-name>Willian Andrew Inc./Elsevier</publisher-name>: <publisher-loc>New York, NY</publisher-loc>, <fpage>77</fpage> #x2013;<lpage>93</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref> |
Notes |
This example is from LSPR 10.1080/15422119.2018.1526805 |
Book, second edition
Reference type |
Book, second edition |
Reference style |
APA (American Psychological Association) |
Rendering in PDF |
National Association for Sport and Physical Education.(2009). Active start: A statement of physical activity guidelinesfor children birth to age 5 (2nd ed.). Oxon Hill, MD:AAPHERD Publications. |
JATS XML |
<ref id="CIT0016"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>National Association for Sport and Physical Education</collab></person-group>. (<year>2009</year>). <source><italic>Active start: A statement of physical activity guidelines for children birth to age 5</italic></source> (<edition>2nd</edition> ed.). <publisher-loc>Oxon Hill, MD</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>AAPHERD Publications</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref> |
Notes |
This example is from URQE 10.1080/02701367.2018.1441966 |
Report
Reference type |
Report |
Reference style |
APA (American Psychological Association) |
Rendering in PDF |
Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. (2008).Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee report,2008. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health andHuman Services. Retrieved from http://health.gov/paguidelines/report/pdf/CommitteeReport.pdf |
JATS XML |
<ref id="CIT0023"><mixed-citation publication-type="report"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee</collab></person-group>. (<year>2008</year>). <source>Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee report, 2008</source>. <publisher-loc>Washington, DC</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</publisher-name>. Retrieved from <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://health.gov/paguidelines/report/pdf/CommitteeReport.pdf" >http://health.gov/paguidelines/report/pdf/CommitteeReport.pdf</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref> |
Notes |
This example is from URQE 10.1080/02701367.2018.1431602 |