References

The data within references should be fully tagged. This document shows how each piece of information that commonly appears within references should be tagged using JATS elements and attributes. Note that the examples here are intended to show XML tagging not reference formatting, and reference formatting should always be according to the journal style.

Journal articles commonly include citations, or references, to other works in order to properly credit the originators of ideas and information that the authors have used in their research and writing. Within a citation or reference, key identifying information, such as author and source, is included to uniquely identify the work, which may provide enough information for a reader to be able to locate the work. Citations and references are formatted according to the style of the journal in which the article is published. References are densely packed with formatting and data. Human readers may rely on reference formatting to parse the information that is contained within a reference, while machines may rely on XML tags to identify each piece of information that is contained within a reference. The examples below show how to use the elements and attributes that are provided by JATS to tag references in Taylor & Francis journals.

TF JATS uses the <mixed-citation> element to capture fully tagged reference data and preserve all punctuation and formatting. The <mixed-citation> element can appear within a <ref> element in a list of references tagged using the <ref-list> element. The <mixed-citation> element can also appear within the <fn> element when a footnote or endnote contains citation information about a work that is being referenced.

Within <mixed-citation> all information should be tagged using appropriate elements. Only punctuation characters, whitespace, and boilerplate text (“doi”, “eds”, “vol”, etc.) should be present as untagged text in <mixed-citation>, <person-group> and <string-name>.

Table of Contents

Parts of Reference

Reference Number

Reference Data Type of Publication
Tags <label>
Instruction For numbered references, the reference number should be tagged using a <label> element placed directly within the <ref> element.
Correct Examples <ref-list><ref id="CIT00001"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>
Reference types commonly appearing in All

Type of Publication

Reference Data Type of Publication
Tags @publication-type
Instruction The type of publication referenced (e.g. whether it is a book, journal article, etc.) must be tagged in a @publication-type attribute. The value should be taken from this list: journal, book, letter, review, patent, report, standard, data, software, working-paper, confproc, thesis, newspaper, web, legal-case, legislation, other
Correct Examples <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
Reference types commonly appearing in All

Author Names

Reference Data Author Names
Tags <person-group>, <string-name>, <given-names>, <surname>, <collab>, <etal>
Instruction The names of authors must be tagged using a <person-group> element with a @person-group-type attribute value of “author”. Within <person-group>, each individual person's name should be tagged using <string-name> containing <given-names> and <surname> elements, or for the name of an organization or collaborative group name the name should be tagged using the <collab> element. If the reference style is to place a period after an initial for an author's first name the period for the initial should also be captured in the element with the initial. If the reference style is to substitute a portion of the author list with the phrase et al. the <etal> element should be used (see <etal>). If the author's name is listed as its initials then the period should be placed within the element.
Correct Examples <person-group person-group-type="author"><string-name><surname>Chakhoyan</surname>, <given-names>A.</given-names></string-name> and <string-name><given-names>C.</given-names> <surname>Goldman</surname></string-name></person-group>
Reference types commonly appearing in All

Editor Names

Reference Data Editor Names
Tags <person-group>, <string-name>, <given-names>, <surname>, <collab>, <etal>
Instruction The names of editors should be tagged in the same manner as names of authors. The @person-group-type attribute should be set to “editor”. Text such as “edited by” or “Ed.” should be placed within a <role> element inside the <person-group> either before or after the list of names according to the reference style.
Correct Examples <person-group person-group-type="editor"><string-name><surname>Rotar</surname>, <given-names>M.</given-names></string-name> &#x00028;<role>Ed.</role>&#x00029;</person-group>
Reference types commonly appearing in Book

Translator Names

Reference Data Translator Names
Tags <person-group>, <string-name>, <given-names>, <surname>, <collab>, <etal>
Instruction The names of translators should be tagged in the same manner as names of authors. The @person-group-type attribute should be set to “translator”. Text such as “translated by” or “trans.” should be placed within a <role> element inside the <person-group> either before or after the list of names according to the reference style.
Correct Examples <person-group person-group-type="translator"><string-name><given-names>S.</given-names> <surname>Shabad</surname></string-name>, <role>Trans.</role></person-group>
Reference types commonly appearing in Book

Et. al

Reference Data Et. al
Tags <etal>
Instruction When the phrase et al. is used to abbreviate a list of authors, the <etal> element should be used and it should contain the phrase et al.
Correct Examples <etal>et al.</etal>
<etal>et&#xA0;al.</etal>
Reference types commonly appearing in All

Year of Publication

Reference Data Year of Publication
Tags <year>
Instruction The year in which a work being cited was published should be tagged using the <year> element directly within <mixed-citation>. If the month and day of publication are also present they should be tagged within <month> and <day> elements, respectively, also directly within <mixed-citation>.
Correct Examples (<year>2008</year>)
Reference types commonly appearing in All

Volume

Reference Data Volume
Tags <volume>
Instruction The volume number for a journal article should be tagged using the <volume> element.
Correct Examples <volume>21</volume>(<issue>7</issue>): <fpage>739</fpage>-<lpage>740</lpage>
Reference types commonly appearing in journal

Issue

Reference Data Issue
Tags <issue>
Instruction The issue number for a journal article should be tagged using the <issue> element.
Correct Examples <volume>21</volume>(<issue>7</issue>): <fpage>739</fpage>-<lpage>740</lpage>
Reference types commonly appearing in journal

First Page

Reference Data First Page
Tags <fpage>
Instruction The first page of a cited publication should be tagged using the <fpage> element.
Correct Examples <volume>21</volume>(<issue>7</issue>): <fpage>739</fpage>-<lpage>740</lpage>
Reference types commonly appearing in All

Last Page

Reference Data Last Page
Tags <lpage>
Instruction The last page of a cited publication should be tagged using the <lpage> element.
Correct Examples <volume>21\</volume>(<issue>7</issue>):<fpage>739</fpage>-<lpage>740</lpage>
Reference types commonly appearing in All

Page Range

Reference Data Page Range
Tags <page-range>
Instruction A non-continuous page range of a cited publication should be tagged using the <page-range> element.
Correct Examples pages <page-range>47-52, 98</page-range>
Reference types commonly appearing in All

Size of work being cited

Reference Data Size of work being cited
Tags <size>
Instruction The size of a work being cited, such as the total number of pages, should be tagged using the <size> element. The @units attribute must identify the unit of measurement, such as “pages”. The text within the <size> element should only be a number. Any associated text, such as “pages” should be placed before or after the element according to reference style.
Correct Examples <size units="pages">520</size> pp
Reference types commonly appearing in Book

Source of publication name

Reference Data Source of publication name
Tags <source>
Instruction The title of a publication or document that is being cited should be tagged in the <source> element. For example, <source> element can contain the title of a journal, or the title of a book. If the citation is to a specific work within the source, the title of the specific work should be captures using corresponding elements (see <article-title>, <chapter-title>, <data-title>, <part-title>).
Correct Examples <source><italic>Oxford Handbook of Food, Politics, and Society</italic></source>
Reference types commonly appearing in All

Title of an article

Reference Data Title of an article
Tags <article-title>
Instruction The full title of a cited journal article should be tagged in the <article-title> element.
Correct Examples <article-title>Solvent resistant nanofiltration: separating on a molecular level </article-title>
Reference types commonly appearing in journal

Title of a chapter within a book

Reference Data Title of a chapter within a book
Tags <chapter-title>
Instruction The title of a cited book chapter should be tagged in <chapter-title>
Correct Examples <chapter-title>The Putney Debates: The debate on the franchise</chapter-title>
Reference types commonly appearing in Book

Title of a dataset

Reference Data Title of a dataset
Tags <data-title>
Instruction The title of a cited data set should be tagged using <data-title>
Correct Examples <data-title><italic>Experimental priming of independent and interdependent activity does not affect culturally-variable psychological processes</italic></data-title> &#x0005B;<comment>Data set</comment>
Reference types commonly appearing in Data

Title of a cited part within a publication

Reference Data Title of a cited part within a cited part within a publication
Tags <part-title>
Instruction In a citation to a specific part (e.g. module, section) within a source publication, the title of the specific part should be tagged using <part-title>. For the title of a book chapter, journal article, data set, or issue the more specific corresponding element (<chapter-title>, <article-title>, <data-title>, <issue-title> respectively) should be used instead of <part-title>.
Correct Examples
Reference types commonly appearing in Other

Title of an issue of a serial publication

Reference Data Title of an issue of a serial publication
Tags <issue-title>
Instruction This element should be used to tag the title of an issue of a serial publication
Correct Examples
Reference types commonly appearing in journal, other

Edition

Reference Data Edition
Tags <edition>
Instruction The edition number and ordinal should be captured within the <edition> element.
Correct Examples (<edition>2nd</edition> ed.).
Reference types commonly appearing in Book

Publisher Name

Reference Data Publisher Name
Tags <publisher-name>
Instruction The name of a publisher should be tagged using the <publisher-name> element.
Correct Examples <publisher-name>Taylor & Francis Group</publisher-name>
Reference types commonly appearing in Book

Publisher Location

Reference Data Publisher Location
Tags <publisher-loc>
Instruction The geographical location of a publisher should be tagged using the <publisher-loc> element.
Correct Examples <publisher-loc>Philadelphia, PA</publisher-loc>
Reference types commonly appearing in Book

Acronym of a Conference Name

Reference Data Acronym of Conference Name
Tags <conf-acronym>
Instruction If an acronym by which a conference is known is present it should be tagged using the <conf-acronym> element.
Correct Examples <conf-name>Society for Research in Higher Education Annual Research Conference</conf-name>
Reference types commonly appearing in Conference

Date of Conference

Reference Data Date of Conference
Tags <conf-date>
Instruction If the date when a conference was held is present in addition to a publication date, the date of the conference should be tagged using the <conf-date> element.
Correct Examples <conf-date>May 20-21, 2019</conf-date>
Reference types commonly appearing in Conference

Location of Conference

Reference Data Location of Conference
Tags <conf-loc>
Instruction The geographic location of a conference should be tagged using the <conf-loc> elemnt.
Correct Examples <conf-loc>London, UK</conf-loc>
Reference types commonly appearing in Conference

Name of Conference

Reference Data Name of Conference
Tags <conf-name>
Instruction The name of a conference should be tagged using the <conf-name> element.
Correct Examples <conf-name>3rd International Conference on Organic Solvent Nanofiltration</conf-name>
Reference types commonly appearing in Conference
Reference Data Sponsor of Conference
Tags <conf-sponsor>
Instruction The name of a sponsor of a conference should be tagged using the <conf-sponsor> element.
Correct Examples <conf-sponsor>ACM, Assoc. for Computing Machinery</conf-sponsor>
Reference types commonly appearing in Conference

Date other than publication date

Reference Data Date other than publication date
Tags <date-in-citation>
Instruction Any date that appears in a reference, other than the publication date of the work being cited or the date of a conference, should be tagged within the <date-in-citation> element. The @content-type attribute should hold a value to describe what the date is, such as “access-date”.
Correct Examples Accessed at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://ojphi.org/article/view/2920/4722" >http://ojphi.org/article/view/2920/4722</ext-link><date-in-citation content-type="access-date"><month>Sep</month><day>30</day>, <year>2018</year></date-in-citation>
Reference types commonly appearing in Web page

DOI

Reference Data DOI
Tags <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">
Instruction In a reference, the DOI of the referenced publication, if known, should be tagged within a <pub-id> element with attribute pub-id-type="doi”. The element should contain only a DOI or a DOI URL. If the reference style requires a “doi:” prefix appear before the DOI then the prefix should be placed before the element. See DOIs in References for more information.
Correct Examples <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2020.1760625</pub-id>
doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/00087041.2020.1760625</pub-id>
Reference types commonly appearing in Journal, Data

URL

Reference Data URL
Tags <ext-link>
Instruction The URL to an online publication (which is not a DOI URL) should be tagged using a <ext-link> element with @ext-link-type attribute value “uri”. The complete URL should be placed in the @xlink:href attribute. The text that should be presented as an active link should be tagged within the <ext-link> element, which may repeat the complete URL.
Correct Examples Accessed at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://ojphi.org/article/view/2920/4722" >http://ojphi.org/article/view/2920/4722</ext-link><date-in-citation content-type="access-date"><month>Sep</month><day>30</day>, <year>2018</year></date-in-citation>
Reference types commonly appearing in Web page, report, conference paper

ISBN

Reference Data ISBN
Tags <isbn>
Instruction In a citation, an ISBN should be tagged using the <isbn> element. The <isbn> element should contain only an ISBN and any corresponding text such as “ISBN:” should be placed next to the element according to the reference style.
Correct Examples ISBN: <isbn>978-1-937522-89-6</isbn>
Reference types commonly appearing in Books

ISSN

Reference Data ISSN
Tags <issn>
Instruction In a citation (i.e. not in journal-meta), an ISSN should be tagged using the <issn> element. The <issn> element should contain only an ISSN, and any corresponding text such as “ISSN:” should be placed next to the element according to the reference style.
Correct Examples ISSN: <issn>1041-5653</issn>
Reference types commonly appearing in Serial publications

Standard Designation

Reference Data Standard Designation
Tags <pub-id pub-id-type="std-designation">
Instruction In a reference to standard, the designation (or designator) is a unique identifier by which the standard is known. The designation should be tagged in a <pub-id> element with attribute pub-id-type="std-designation”, and the element should contain the complete designation without any preceding or trailing punctuation. A standard designation is usually comprised of the acronym of the issuing organization followed by an identifier, and may include a year or version indicator.

If a reference to a standard includes the title of the standard then the title should be tagged in a <source> element.

If a reference to a standard includes the issuing organization’s name and location then this information may be tagged in <publisher-name> and <publisher-loc>. The name of the issuing organization may be tagged in <person-group person-group-type="author"><collab> depending on the reference style.

Note: the <std> element was previously recommended for the identifier of a standard but <pub-id pub-id-type="std-designation"> is preferred.
Correct Examples <pub-id pub-id-type="std-designation">ANSI/NISO Z39.96-2019</pub-id>
Reference types commonly appearing in standard

Any other reference data

Reference Data Any other reference data
Tags <comment>
Instruction The <comment> element should be used to tag information within references only when a more descriptive element is not available.
Correct Examples <mixed-citation publication-type="software"><person-group person-group-type="author"><string-name><surname>Author</surname>, <given-names>A. A.</given-names></string-name></person-group> &#x00028;<year>yyyy</year>&#x00029;. <source><italic>Title of the software: Subtitle</italic></source> &#x00028; Version <version>#.#</version> &#x0005B;<comment>Computer software</comment>&#x0005D;. <publisher-name>Producer Name</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation>
Reference types commonly appearing in All

Converting references supplied as <element-citation> or <nlm-citation>

JATS provides three models for tagging references: <mixed-citation>, <element-citation>, and <nlm-citation>. The <element-citation> and <nlm-citation> elements do not allow formatting and instead rely on software to format references for display.

When converting NLM DTD or JATS XML created by other sources to TF JATS, if any <element-citation> or <nlm-citation> elements are present they should be converted to <mixed-citation>. When converting a reference from <element-citation> or <nlm-citation> to <mixed-citation> reference formatting should be added using automation to arrange the order of elements and insert punctuation and boilerplate text following the journal style as closely as is reasonably possible.

The original <element-citation> or <nlm-citation> can be preserved alongside the new <mixed-citation> within a <citation-alternatives> element.

Examples

Provide examples of XML tagging, along with a short description for each example, using ideal semantic tagging. Examples should be based on live content if possible. Use the " Code Inline” Word style, or include XML files and reference the file name and XPath to the relevant part of the file. It is helpful to include both correct examples and examples of incorrect tagging that should fail validation. Where it may be helpful, examples can include screenshots of renderings and PDFs along with the corresponding XML tagging.

Journal Article

Reference type Journal article
Reference style ACS (American Chemical Society)
Rendering in PDF 2. Vandezande, P., Gevers, L.E. and Vankelecom, I.F. (2008) Solventresistant nanofiltration: separating on a molecular level. Chem. Soc.Rev., 37(2):365–405. doi:10.1039/b610848m
JATS XML <ref id="CIT0002"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><string-name><surname>Vandezande</surname>, <given-names>P.</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>Gevers</surname>, <given-names>L.E.</given-names></string-name> and <string-name><surname>Vankelecom</surname>, <given-names>I.F.</given-names></string-name></person-group> (<year>2008</year>) <article-title>Solvent resistant nanofiltration: separating on a molecular level</article-title>. <source><italic>Chem. Soc. Rev.</italic></source>, <volume>37</volume>(<issue>2</issue>):<fpage>365</fpage> #x2013;<lpage>405</lpage>. doi:<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1039/b610848m</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref>
Notes This example is from LSPR 10.1080/15422119.2018.1526805

Conference

Reference type Conference
Reference style ACS (American Chemical Society)
Rendering in PDF 5. Cheryan, M. (2010) Applications of OSN in food and bioprocessing,3rd International Conference on Organic Solvent Nanofiltration,London, UK, September 2010.
JATS XML <ref id="CIT0005"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="confproc"><person-group person-group-type="author"><string-name><surname>Cheryan</surname>, <given-names>M.</given-names></string-name></person-group> (<year>2010</year>) <article-title>Applications of OSN in food and bioprocessing</article-title>, <conf-name>3rd International Conference on Organic Solvent Nanofiltration</conf-name>, <conf-loc>London, UK</conf-loc>, <month>September</month><year>2010</year>.</mixed-citation></ref>
Notes This example is from LSPR 10.1080/15422119.2018.1526805

Book with editor

Reference type Book with editor
Reference style ACS (American Chemical Society)
Rendering in PDF 128. Bakajin, O., Noy, A., Fornasiero, F., Grigoropoulus, C., Holt, J.K., In,J.B., Kim, S., Park, H.G. (2009) Nanofluidic carbon nanotube membranes:Applications for water purification and desalination; Savage,et al., Eds.; Willian Andrew Inc./Elsevier: New York, NY, 77–93.
JATS XML <ref id="CIT0128"><label>128.</label><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><string-name><surname>Bakajin</surname>, <given-names>O.</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>Noy</surname>, <given-names>A.</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>Fornasiero</surname>, <given-names>F.</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>Grigoropoulus</surname>, <given-names>C.</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>Holt</surname>, <given-names>J.K.</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>In</surname>, <given-names>J.B.</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>Kim</surname>, <given-names>S.</given-names></string-name>, <string-name><surname>Park</surname>, <given-names>H.G.</given-names></string-name></person-group> (<year>2009</year>) <source><italic>Nanofluidic carbon nanotube membranes: Applications for water purification and desalination</italic></source>; <person-group person-group-type="editor"><string-name><surname>Savage</surname></string-name>, <etal>et al.</etal>, <role>Eds.</person-group>; <publisher-name>Willian Andrew Inc./Elsevier</publisher-name>: <publisher-loc>New York, NY</publisher-loc>, <fpage>77</fpage> #x2013;<lpage>93</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref>
Notes This example is from LSPR 10.1080/15422119.2018.1526805

Book, second edition

Reference type Book, second edition
Reference style APA (American Psychological Association)
Rendering in PDF National Association for Sport and Physical Education.(2009). Active start: A statement of physical activity guidelinesfor children birth to age 5 (2nd ed.). Oxon Hill, MD:AAPHERD Publications.
JATS XML <ref id="CIT0016"><mixed-citation publication-type="book"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>National Association for Sport and Physical Education</collab></person-group>. (<year>2009</year>). <source><italic>Active start: A statement of physical activity guidelines for children birth to age 5</italic></source> (<edition>2nd</edition> ed.). <publisher-loc>Oxon Hill, MD</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>AAPHERD Publications</publisher-name>.</mixed-citation></ref>
Notes This example is from URQE 10.1080/02701367.2018.1441966

Report

Reference type Report
Reference style APA (American Psychological Association)
Rendering in PDF Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. (2008).Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee report,2008. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health andHuman Services. Retrieved from http://health.gov/paguidelines/report/pdf/CommitteeReport.pdf
JATS XML <ref id="CIT0023"><mixed-citation publication-type="report"><person-group person-group-type="author"><collab>Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee</collab></person-group>. (<year>2008</year>). <source>Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee report, 2008</source>. <publisher-loc>Washington, DC</publisher-loc>: <publisher-name>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</publisher-name>. Retrieved from <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://health.gov/paguidelines/report/pdf/CommitteeReport.pdf" >http://health.gov/paguidelines/report/pdf/CommitteeReport.pdf</ext-link></mixed-citation></ref>
Notes This example is from URQE 10.1080/02701367.2018.1431602